Vaginitis refers to inflammation or infection of the vagina, often leading to discomfort, abnormal discharge, and irritation. It can be caused by infections, hormonal changes, or irritants. Here's an overview:

Types of Vaginitis

1. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

   • Cause: Overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic bacteria, disrupting normal vaginal flora.
   • Symptoms:
     • Thin, gray or white discharge.
     • Fishy odor, especially after intercourse.
     • Mild itching or irritation.

2. Yeast Infection (Candidiasis)

   • Cause: Overgrowth of Candida albicans (a type of yeast).
   • Symptoms:
     • Thick, white, "cottage cheese-like" discharge.
     • Intense itching and burning.
     • Redness and swelling around the vulva.

3. Trichomoniasis

   • Cause: Sexually transmitted infection (STI) by Trichomonas vaginalis (a parasite).
   • Symptoms:
     • Yellow-green, frothy discharge with a strong odor.
     • Vaginal and vulvar itching.
     • Pain during urination or intercourse.

4. Atrophic Vaginitis

   • Cause: Decreased estrogen levels (e.g., after menopause, breastfeeding).
   • Symptoms:
     • Dryness and irritation.
     • Painful intercourse.
     • Light bleeding or spotting.

5. Irritant or Allergic Vaginitis

   • Cause: Reaction to irritants like soaps, detergents, douches, or spermicides.
   • Symptoms:
     • Burning, redness, and itching.
     • Watery discharge.

Symptoms of Vaginitis

• Abnormal vaginal discharge (color, consistency, odor).
• Vaginal itching or burning.
• Pain during urination or intercourse.
• Swelling or redness of the vulva.
• Spotting or bleeding in some cases.

Diagnosis

• Medical History: Symptoms, sexual activity, menstrual cycle, and hygiene habits.
• Physical Examination: Pelvic exam to assess signs of infection or irritation.
• Lab Tests:
  • Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge.
  • pH testing (normal vaginal pH is 3.8–4.5; higher pH may indicate BV or trichomoniasis).
  • Cultures or molecular tests for specific pathogens.

Treatment

1. Vaginitis can be treated successfully with Homoeopathic medicines.

Prevention

1. Maintain good hygiene:
   • Wash with plain water or gentle, unscented soap.
   • Avoid douches or harsh feminine hygiene products.
2. Practice safe sex:
   • Use condoms to prevent STIs.
3. Avoid irritants:
   • Choose unscented detergents and menstrual products.
   • Wear breathable cotton underwear.
4. Keep the vaginal area dry:
   • Avoid tight clothing.
   • Change out of wet clothing promptly.
5. Regular gynecological check-ups.

When to See a Doctor

• Symptoms persist or worsen despite home care.
• Recurrent infections (e.g., multiple yeast infections within a year).
• Symptoms of a possible STI.
• Pain, fever, or significant swelling.